This study compared the household economics of residents living near industrial mines in Burkina Faso (mines that Ron Little and Don Dudek of Wolfden Resources both were involved with developing) with the household economics of those living near artisinal mines. Their conclusion, "We do not observe any significant differences in consumption trajectories between households living within 25 kilometres of industrial mines and other households (see Figure 3). We thus observe no effect of industrial mines on the standard of living of local populations. This result is consistent with the work of Alfred Hirschman, who describes extractive activities as “enclave” activities with little effect on local development."
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